CNC turning lathe, Swiss type lathe original manufacturer since 2007.
Structure layout and the characteristics of numerical control lathe
the structure of the numerical control lathe numerical control lathe and the spindle box, tool post, lathe bed, feed transmission system, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubricating system, such as parts, CNC lathe only feed system with horizontal lathe feed system there is a fundamentally different in structure. The movement of the horizontal lathe spindle by hanging wheel frame, feed box, slip board box to the tool post, end longitudinal and transverse feed motion. And numerical control lathe is choose servo motor, the ball screw to skateboard and tool rest, z to the end, Longitudinal) And to the ( Lateral) Feed movement. CNC lathe also has the function of female Ⅱ work of thread, the spindle rotation and movement between the tool post mobile contact by nc system to control. Numerical control lathe spindle pulse encoder is equipment in the cabinet, the movement of the main shaft through synchronous cog belt to the pulse encoder. When the spindle rotates, pulse encoder and proclaimed to detect the pulse signal to the numerical control system, the rotation of the spindle motor and the rest of cutting feed processing thread for sports, namely the spindle turn a turn at the end processing thread, tool post z a lead to move the workpiece. The layout of the CNC lathe CNC lathe parts, such as the spindle, tail relative to the layout of the lathe bed method and the horizontal lathe roots together, in the head and guide the layout method of changing the root the end, this is because the tool rest and the layout of the guide rail method directly affect the use function and structure of the nc lathe and appearance. Other, CNC lathes have closed protective equipment. The layout of the lathe bed and guide rail. The relative orientation of the numerical control lathe bed guide rail with horizontal plane a total of 4 kinds of layout method. Technology of horizontal lathe bed good, easy to guide the processing. Lathe bed with level with knife slimming can progress rate of movement of the tool post, generally can be used for the layout of the large or small precision CNC lathe numerical control lathe. Horizontal lathe bed bottom, however, the space is little, which causes the difficulty in chip removal. Look from structural standards, rest placed makes slide transverse standard is longer, and then increase the standard of the structure of the machine tool width. Horizontal lathe bed with tilted skateboard and provide the layout of the tilting guide shield method, on the one hand, there are horizontal lathe bed good manufacturability characteristic; Tool width of standard level, on the other hand, equipped with a skateboard, and chip removal lunch. Horizontal lathe bed with tilted skateboard and slant bed equipped with inclined slide layout method in selected by small and medium-sized CNC lathe. This is due to the two methods of layout of chip removal are briefly, chip won't pile up on the guide rail, also facilitate equipment automatic chip removal device; End manipulator operation bento, easy to machine to single machine automation; Machine cover an area of an area small, appearance is concise, beautiful, briefly closed end protection. CNC lathe tool rest is an important part of the machine tool, cutting tool carrier is used for clamping tool, thus, it directly affect the cutting function of machine tool structure and cutting power, surely in extent, the structure and function performance of the numerical control lathe tool post planning and manufacturing level. Follow the development of numerical control lathe tool post structure methods innovation, but all can be roughly divided into two categories, namely the knife type tool rest and turret tool slide. Some turning center still choose knife library automatic tool change device. Row of knife rest is commonly used in small numerical control lathe, each kind of cutting tools is put and clamping on the mobile skateboarding, tool change can be finished automatically positioning. Turret head also called tower or knife sets, there are vertical and horizontal structure of two kinds of methods. Have many tool automatic positioning equipment, through the rotation of the turret head end, dividing and positioning to automatic tool change machine. Turret head should be degree, reliable positioning, repetitive positioning accuracy is high, the inversion speed, clamping cut sex good, to ensure the high precision and high power of CNC lathe. Some turret head end not only can automatic positioning, will also be able to transfer power. Now, more than two coordinates linkage lathe with 12 station turret tool post, also have choose 6, 8, 10 station turret head. Turret head on the machine layout in two ways: one is used for processing plate parts turret head, the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis; Another kind is used for manufacturing axial and plate parts turret head, the rotating shaft is parallel to the axis. Four coordinate control of CNC lathe bed equipment has two independent board and turret tool carrier, is called double four-axis CNC lathe. Meanwhile, each head cutting feeding is controlled, thus, two different parts of the tool rest can cutting the same artifacts, already expanded the process planning, and improved processing power. Four-axis nc lathe structure is messy, and equipped with specialized CNC system demand, end control of the two independent tool post, suitable for processing the crankshaft, aircraft parts and other shapes, messy, batch larger parts.
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Daily “Clean + Lubricate” as the Baseline
After each shift, remove chips and coolant residue from the fixture surface and collet jaws with a soft cloth or air gun to prevent corrosion and re-clamping errors. Every eight hours, apply a trace of rust preventive oil to spring collets, guide bushings and other moving parts; once a week, add a thin coat of grease to ball-screw nuts and hydraulic cylinder rods to reduce wear. Before any prolonged shutdown, spray anti-rust oil on internal bores and locating faces and wrap them in wax paper or plastic film.
Precision Calibration & Data Closure
Use ring gauges or master bars every month to verify repeatability of the fixture; log results in the MES. If deviation exceeds 0.005 mm, trigger compensation or repair. For quick-change systems (HSK/Capto), check taper contact percentage every six months—target ≥ 80 %. If lower, re-grind or replace.
Spare Parts & Training
Keep minimum stock of jaws, seals and springs to enable replacement within two hours. Hold quarterly on-machine training sessions for operators on correct clamping practices and anomaly recognition to eliminate abusive clamping.
In short, embedding “clean–lubricate–inspect–calibrate” into daily SOP keeps the fixture delivering micron-level accuracy, reduces downtime, and extends overall machine life.
Six preventive measures
Environment control: keep the workshop at a stable temperature and low humidity; exclude dust and corrosive gases to reduce chemical wear on guideways and screws.
Daily checks: remove chips every shift and inspect the lubrication of the spindle, bearings, ball screws and guideways; act on any abnormality immediately.
Preventive lubrication: replace lubricants on schedule and keep the lubrication system unobstructed to minimize fatigue wear.
Accuracy monitoring: use laser interferometers or ball-bar systems monthly to measure geometric errors and compensate for ball-screw backlash or guideway straightness in time.
Electrical health checks: periodically examine cables, relays and cooling fans to prevent hidden aging caused by overheating.
Data monitoring: onboard sensors record spindle current, vibration and temperature; cloud-based analytics predict early bearing or tool failures.
Why prevention matters
• Ensures machining consistency: eliminating micron-level error sources keeps batch dimensions stable and reduces scrap.
• Extends machine life: preventing micro-cracks from growing can prolong overall life by more than 20 %.
• Reduces unplanned downtime: planned maintenance replaces emergency repairs, increasing overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) by 10 % or more.
• Cuts total cost: lower spare-parts inventory, labor and lost-production costs can save tens of thousands of dollars per machine annually.
• Enhances brand reputation: consistent on-time, defect-free deliveries strengthen customer trust and secure future orders.
Optimizing cycle time on turn-mill machining centers is crucial for boosting productivity and reducing costs. It requires a systematic approach addressing machine tools, cutting tools, processes, programming, fixtures, and material flow.
Ensure Geometric Accuracy
Swiss-type lathes process long, slender workpieces with multi-axis synchronization. A bed inclination of only 0.02 mm/m creates a “slope error” along the Z-axis, tilting the tool relative to the part centerline. This results in taper on outer diameters and asymmetric thread profiles. Periodic re-verification and re-leveling restore overall geometric accuracy to factory standards, guaranteeing consistent dimensions during extended production runs.
Extend Guideway and Ball-Screw Life
When the machine is not level, guideways carry uneven loads and lubricant films become discontinuous, accelerating localized wear and causing stick-slip or vibration. After re-leveling with shims or wedges, load distribution evens out, reducing guideway scoring and ball-screw side-loading. Service life typically improves by more than 20 %.
Suppress Thermal Growth and Vibration
A tilted bed leads to asymmetric coolant and lubricant flow, generating thermal gradients. Subsequent expansion further amplifies geometric errors. Re-verifying level, combined with thermal compensation, produces a more uniform temperature rise and reduces scrap caused by thermal drift. Additionally, a level bed raises natural frequencies, cutting chatter amplitude and improving surface finish by half to one full grade.
Chinese-built Swiss-type lathes have moved beyond the “low-cost substitute” label to become the “value leader” for overseas users. On the cost side, machines of comparable specification are priced well below those of traditional leading brands, and ongoing maintenance costs amount to only a fraction, dramatically lowering the entry barrier for small-to-medium job shops in Europe and North America. Lead time is equally compelling: major domestic OEMs can ship standard models within weeks, and special configurations follow shortly thereafter. When urgent orders arise from the electric-vehicle or medical-device sectors, Chinese production lines consistently deliver rapid responses.
Intelligence is on par with top-tier global standards. Machines routinely feature thermal compensation, AI-based tool-life prediction, and cloud-enabled remote diagnostics. Mean time between failures is long, and fully open data interfaces simplify secondary development for end users. Complementing this is a worldwide service network: Chinese manufacturers maintain parts depots and resident field engineers across the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia, enabling on-site support often within a single day, whereas legacy brands usually require factory returns measured in weeks.
1. Quick Troubleshooting Steps
Check the clamping pressure: Ensure the pressure plate or collet applies even force; too much or too little pressure will jam the bar. Adjust the pneumatic or hydraulic release mechanism accordingly.
Align the material path: Verify that the bar feeder, guide bushing, and spindle centers are collinear; any offset will cause the bar to twist or wedge.
Inspect belts and rollers: Belts must be tensioned correctly—loose belts slip, over-tight belts bind. Replace worn rollers immediately.
Lubricate moving parts: Clean and grease the eccentric shaft, release cam, and pusher fingers; lack of lubrication is a common cause of seizure.
I. Installation Guidelines for Swiss-Type Lathe Bed
1. Foundation Preparation
Floor Requirements: The Swiss lathe bed must be installed on a solid, level concrete foundation to prevent machining inaccuracies caused by ground settlement or vibration.
Load Capacity: The foundation must support the machine’s weight and dynamic cutting forces to avoid deformation affecting spindle and guide bushing alignment.
Vibration Isolation: If the workshop has vibration sources (e.g., punch presses, forging machines), anti-vibration pads or isolation trenches are recommended to enhance CNC machine stability.
Summary
Ball screws are the physical enablers of Swiss-type lathes across five critical dimensions:
Micron-level positioning for complex micro-structures;
High-speed rigidity supporting synchronized multi-axis cutting;
Active thermal control ensuring batch consistency;
Ultra-wear-resistant design enabling maintenance-free operation for 10+ years.
Their performance defines the precision ceiling of Swiss-type machining – truly "invisible champions" in precision transmission.