Structure layout and the characteristics of numerical control lathe

the structure of the numerical control lathe numerical control lathe and the spindle box, tool post, lathe bed, feed transmission system, hydraulic system, cooling system, lubricating system, such as parts, CNC lathe only feed system with horizontal lathe feed system there is a fundamentally different in structure. The movement of the horizontal lathe spindle by hanging wheel frame, feed box, slip board box to the tool post, end longitudinal and transverse feed motion. And numerical control lathe is choose servo motor, the ball screw to skateboard and tool rest, z to the end, Longitudinal) And to the ( Lateral) Feed movement. CNC lathe also has the function of female Ⅱ work of thread, the spindle rotation and movement between the tool post mobile contact by nc system to control. Numerical control lathe spindle pulse encoder is equipment in the cabinet, the movement of the main shaft through synchronous cog belt to the pulse encoder. When the spindle rotates, pulse encoder and proclaimed to detect the pulse signal to the numerical control system, the rotation of the spindle motor and the rest of cutting feed processing thread for sports, namely the spindle turn a turn at the end processing thread, tool post z a lead to move the workpiece. The layout of the CNC lathe CNC lathe parts, such as the spindle, tail relative to the layout of the lathe bed method and the horizontal lathe roots together, in the head and guide the layout method of changing the root the end, this is because the tool rest and the layout of the guide rail method directly affect the use function and structure of the nc lathe and appearance. Other, CNC lathes have closed protective equipment. The layout of the lathe bed and guide rail. The relative orientation of the numerical control lathe bed guide rail with horizontal plane a total of 4 kinds of layout method. Technology of horizontal lathe bed good, easy to guide the processing. Lathe bed with level with knife slimming can progress rate of movement of the tool post, generally can be used for the layout of the large or small precision CNC lathe numerical control lathe. Horizontal lathe bed bottom, however, the space is little, which causes the difficulty in chip removal. Look from structural standards, rest placed makes slide transverse standard is longer, and then increase the standard of the structure of the machine tool width. Horizontal lathe bed with tilted skateboard and provide the layout of the tilting guide shield method, on the one hand, there are horizontal lathe bed good manufacturability characteristic; Tool width of standard level, on the other hand, equipped with a skateboard, and chip removal lunch. Horizontal lathe bed with tilted skateboard and slant bed equipped with inclined slide layout method in selected by small and medium-sized CNC lathe. This is due to the two methods of layout of chip removal are briefly, chip won't pile up on the guide rail, also facilitate equipment automatic chip removal device; End manipulator operation bento, easy to machine to single machine automation; Machine cover an area of an area small, appearance is concise, beautiful, briefly closed end protection. CNC lathe tool rest is an important part of the machine tool, cutting tool carrier is used for clamping tool, thus, it directly affect the cutting function of machine tool structure and cutting power, surely in extent, the structure and function performance of the numerical control lathe tool post planning and manufacturing level. Follow the development of numerical control lathe tool post structure methods innovation, but all can be roughly divided into two categories, namely the knife type tool rest and turret tool slide. Some turning center still choose knife library automatic tool change device. Row of knife rest is commonly used in small numerical control lathe, each kind of cutting tools is put and clamping on the mobile skateboarding, tool change can be finished automatically positioning. Turret head also called tower or knife sets, there are vertical and horizontal structure of two kinds of methods. Have many tool automatic positioning equipment, through the rotation of the turret head end, dividing and positioning to automatic tool change machine. Turret head should be degree, reliable positioning, repetitive positioning accuracy is high, the inversion speed, clamping cut sex good, to ensure the high precision and high power of CNC lathe. Some turret head end not only can automatic positioning, will also be able to transfer power. Now, more than two coordinates linkage lathe with 12 station turret tool post, also have choose 6, 8, 10 station turret head. Turret head on the machine layout in two ways: one is used for processing plate parts turret head, the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the axis; Another kind is used for manufacturing axial and plate parts turret head, the rotating shaft is parallel to the axis. Four coordinate control of CNC lathe bed equipment has two independent board and turret tool carrier, is called double four-axis CNC lathe. Meanwhile, each head cutting feeding is controlled, thus, two different parts of the tool rest can cutting the same artifacts, already expanded the process planning, and improved processing power. Four-axis nc lathe structure is messy, and equipped with specialized CNC system demand, end control of the two independent tool post, suitable for processing the crankshaft, aircraft parts and other shapes, messy, batch larger parts.

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