Guangdong JSWAY CNC Machine Tool Co., Ltd. since 2004.
Preparing a Piece of Wood for Turning - Faceplate Work
Wood is mounted on a lathe for either spindle or faceplate work. In the case of faceplate turning the orientation of the grain is usually at ninety degrees to the ways of the lathe, or in other words parallel to the wall, not the floor. It generally is held only at the headstock instead of between centers and thus needs to be held securely at one end. This requires some simple preparation.
The oldest method of holding such a piece of turning is to use a faceplate. This is a metal disk with screw holes placed evenly around the circumference and a nut in the middle. The nut screws onto the headstock spindle thus securing the disk in place. Screws hold the disk to the wood.
The screws used get their holding strength from three things; the strength of the steel, the depth of the threads and the length of the penetration into the wood. Because the depth of penetration is usually desired to be as short as possible the other two rise in importance.
There are three types of screws usually used for holding wood to a faceplate; ordinary wood screws, drywall screws and self tapping sheet metal screws. Drywall screws have a lot of threads per inch and hold well but are brittle and tend to break so should be avoided. Regular wood screws are obviously made for work in wood but tend to be thin and have shallow threads. Self tapping sheet metal screws on the other hand have deep threads and strong steel. They can be used time and again and have a solid hold on the wood.
The other necessity for holding the face plate solid to the wood is a flat surface to which it can mate. While the flatter the surface the better, when mounting solid wood to a face plate and the wood is mounted to the face grain, the cut from a chain saw will usually be sufficiently flat for a good hold. This is often the case for bowl blanks. Smaller pieces can have the bottom faced with a plane or sander before the face plate is attached.
On the occasions that a face plate is attached to end grain the surface for mounting should be as flat as possible as the screws hold better in face grain than in end grain. Some turners use a slightly longer screw but set it at an angle so as to engage more cross grain and thus hold better. When in doubt, more and longer screws are a good idea. Also the wider the screw the better the grab and for most turners a number fourteen or one quarter inch diameter self tapping sheet metal screw is a minimum.
A flat surface to mount on, a solid face plate and good screws will allow for the safe mounting of face plate turnings. This is an old and trusted technology that we have used for years and will continue to bring enjoyment to thousands of wood turners.
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Methods to Reduce the Impact of Force-Induced Deformation
To minimize the impact of force-induced deformation on the stability of Swiss-type lathes and enhance machining accuracy and stability, the following measures can be taken:
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Compare manual mills and CNC machine advantages, costs, precision, and applications to choose the right technology for prototyping, job shops, or production.
Improving Precision and Service Life through Fixture Adjustment and Maintenance
Fixture Adjustment Methods:
Fixture Maintenance Methods:
By properly adjusting and regularly maintaining fixtures, the machining accuracy and service life of Swiss-type lathes can be effectively improved, ensuring efficient and stable production processes.
The stress in a machine tool bed can influence machining quality in several ways:
Machining Accuracy
Deformation and Displacement: Stress in the bed can cause structural deformation, which in turn affects the positional accuracy of various machine components. For example, insufficient rigidity at the tailstock support of the bed may lead to positional deviations of the tailstock center, with maximum displacement deformation reaching up to 0.13465 mm. Such deformation directly impacts the relative positioning between the tool and the workpiece, resulting in machining errors.
Differences in Machining Effects with Different Power Head Configurations
Single Spindle vs. Dual Spindle: Single-spindle Swiss-type lathes usually come with one side power head and are suitable for machining relatively simple parts. In contrast, dual-spindle lathes can be equipped with more power heads and can even perform simultaneous machining on the main and secondary spindles, significantly improving machining efficiency and complexity.
Side Tool Post vs. Horizontal Tool Post: Power heads with a side tool post structure perform better when machining difficult-to-chip materials, while those with a horizontal tool post structure are more efficient for machining easy-to-cut materials.
In summary, the power heads of Swiss-type lathes offer significant advantages in machining accuracy, efficiency, complexity, and adaptability. Different power head configurations can be selected based on specific machining requirements to achieve the best machining results.